Notes: Formerly compiled in a leather bound album inscribed and dated Lord Grenville, Chinese Drawings ft. 1803. The Lord Grenville was a close ally of his cousin, William Pitt the Younger, undertaking several posts in his Government including that of Foreign Secretary from 1791-1801, eventually succeeding him as Prime Minister in 1806-7. During his leadership he was responsible for pushing through the law abolishing the slave trade. In the 1790s he commissioned Samuel Wyatt, the celebrated neo-classical architect and friend of Matthew Boulton, to design and build Dropmore House, with distant views of Eton College and Windsor Castle. From the middle of the eighteenth century, trade increased between China, England, America and Europe for tea, porcelain and silk, leading to curiosity about life in the exotic east. Chinese Trade paintings offered a glimpse of the culture, trade, commerce and topography of Asia to the English, who were curious to learn more about this distant place. Western traders commissioned albums portraying people and scenes of daily life – images of Chinese culture which could be taken back to the West. Trade paintings were executed in Chinese studios by a number of painters, each specialising in one aspect. Whilst works by Chinese artists traditionally lacked perspective, in order to meet the taste of the Western market and influenced by Western prints and artists arriving in Asia, trade paintings exhibited an interesting combination of techniques. This series of images depicts the production of porcelain and is based on the Chinese tradition of Gengzhi tu. The first known Gengzhi tu example dates back to the Song dynasty (906-1279) and is attributed to the artist Lou Zhou (1090-1162). During the Qing dynasty, it became popular to depict the main trade production processes – the growing and processing of tea, the making and decorating of porcelain, the production of silk and the cultivation of rice – in fact the Emperor Kangxi (1662-1722) commissioned a Gengzhi tu album. The images have both an aesthetic and a didactic function, providing accurate information about the technical steps of the production process but placed in an idyllic setting, depicting an idealised image of life in the Chinese countryside, glorifying the trade between China and the West and appealing to the romantic image of the Orient.

The images show:

1) Digging the Clay

2) Breaking the Clay with a Waterwheel

3) Pounding the Clay

4) Turning the Bowls

5) Shaping and Modeling

6) Glazing the Porcelain

7) Firing the Porcelain in the Kilns

8) Decorating the Porcelain

9) Firing the Decorated Porcelain

10) Transporting the Porcelain to Market

11) Interior of a Porcelain Shop

12) Packing the Porcelain for Shipping